Do you know about computer?? are you really??
do you know this history?
check it out.......!!
World's First Count toolHumans have long used a tool to assist their daily aktiviti example in the estimates.Among the earliest examples is the scales estimate tool, which allows heavy compared to some object. When the abacus or counting frame is the first tool used to think. History of computing has erti very important to us. During the two last dekad has something happened that shocked many, but not semeriah history of electronic computers. In those days people lived and worked, the invention of computers by John V. Atanasoff (1942) could be classified in one of the important events in history. However, all does not just happen. There are several discoveries and events in the past that underlies it all.
History of Ancient History of Modern electronic computers are considered to begin in 1942, but the discoveries sebelumnyalah a role in the findings of an electronic computer the next.
Abacus Abacus manual calculators may be the first in the world. Abacus (may) have been found at least 5000 years ago. His ability has been proven since used as a counter in the school and perbisnesan Modern. Now known as the abacus over cipoa. Actually, the abacus from Egypt, but by the Chinese brought to the country that changed its name to cipoa.
Pascaline Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), a philosopher and mathematician, discovered the first mechanical calculating device of the machine. Such a device called the Pascaline and use the 'wheel counter' to add up the numbers. Although the invention is blessed Pascal throughout Europe, but Pasaline is a tool that is difficult to repair if damaged.Pascal only tool that could fix it, so that the employers consider these tools are too complex. In addition during the labor field arithmetic is very cheap compared to labor the engine area.
However the design of 'wheel calculator' is still used by all means count at least until mid-1960. Then the mechanical counter has been deprecated since the invention of the electronic counter.
Perhaps Charles Babbage Babbage's Folly (1792-1871) which has accelerated the development of computers since the 1600s. He was advancing in the field of computing hardware to find a difference engine which allows the calculation of mathematical tables.In 1834, when it intends to develop his difference engine, Babbage found the idea of the analytical engine. People who are skeptics called his invention by the name of Babbage's Folly (ignorance Babbage). Babbage worked with penganalisanya engine to death.
Babbage's ideas are detailed (research results) describes the characteristics of the modern electronic computer. Since Babbage was born in the era of electronic technology, electronic counting machines may have been discovered much earlier.Ironically, the earlier pioneers in the development of electronic counting machines are not aware of the idea of memory, printer, and a series of punched-card control program.
Punched-card equipment Punched-card jacquard loom First discovered in 1801 and is still used today, the tool is controlled by punched-card (punched-card). Punched-card invented by a Frenchman named Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1752-1834). The hole is at the core of the punched-card and the cards show the design for the fabric.
Babbage wanted to apply the punched-card concept of Jacquard loom for his analytical engine. In 1843, Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace punched-card rate can be designed to instruct Babbage's analytical engine to repeat certain operations. On the judgment, some people think Lady Lovelace as the first programmer (although still debated).
The advent of Automatic Data Processing The U.S. Bureau of Cencus not complete census since 1880 to nearly 1888. Bureau leaders immediately stop it before it went on for 10 years. The U.S. Bureau of the Commission, a statistician Herman Hollerith used his skills in the use of punched-card for the census in 1890. With punched-card processing and Hollerith machines (Hollerith's punched-card machine), the census could be completed within 2.5 years. This is the start of processing data automatically. Dr toil.Hollerith proves once again that "needs a mother's discovery".
Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company and sell their products worldwide.Demand for Hollerith machines spread to Russia. The first census in Russia (1897) using the Hollerith machines. In 1911, Hollerith Tabulating Company merged with several other companies and changed its name to Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.
Electromechanical Accounting Machine results (output) of the Hollerith machine remains to be written by hand, until in 1919 the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company announced it has created a printer / lister is gradually changing the way of life company.To develop its range, in 1924 the company changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).
Until mid-1950, punched-card technology improved with the addition of a few tools and capabilities that are smarter. On each card usually contains a record (eg names and addresses), the punched-card processing is also no such thing as record processing unit (one card = one record). Although the interactive programming and on-line data entry has been made of punched-card is economically obsolete, we can still find them in remote places (maybe not in Indonesia).
Family of punched-card machines Electromechanical Accounting Machine (EAM) is available with card punch, verifier, reproducer, summary punch, interpreter, sorter, collator, calculator, and accounting machines. Most of these tools in the program to perform a special operation to insert a prewired control board. A different panel is connected (wired) for each type of operation to work.
Punched-card processing machine room using punched-card has been hiring. Some of the room like a factory. Punched-card and the printout from the printer was moved from another device to another by using a hand cart. Noise levels are not much different than a car factory.
To prepare the files of punched-card to be processed, the cards have been sorted and arranged. Because each of the means of punched-card operate freely, some steps are called "machine measures" needed to produce the output. In one step, each file read one card at a time. In most modern information systems, only the required part of the database are processed, usually in one step.
hm.... how do you think??
oya.... you know about ENIAC??I don't understand about it,,, so let see......
ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, was the first fully electronic computer designed to be Turing-complete, which can be reprogrammed by rearranging the cord in order to solve any kind of calculation problems.
He was preceded by the work of Konrad Zuse's Z3, which can be programmed with the tapes in full, but still mechanical and the Colossus computer that despite the British-made entirely electronically, but not for general purposes. The need to rearrange cables ENIAC was abolished in 1948.
ENIAC was developed and built by the U.S. Army Armament Research Laboratory for their table in order to calculate the gunfire. Thought and ideas about ENIAC was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly of the University of Pennsylvania. The computer was built on May 17, 1943 as Project PX and built at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering since mid-1944, and officially operated since February 1946 after swallowing a cost of $ 500,000. He then turned off on 9 November 1946 for a renewed and improved memory. ENIAC was shown to the public on February 14, 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania and moved to Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland in 1947. On July 29 the same year, ENIAC was turned on and will continue to operate until 23:45 pm on October 2, 1955.
A team of eight women programmed the ENIAC by manipulating thousands of cables and switch.
ENIAC get extensive coverage because of their large size. He has 17 468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal diodes, 1,500 transmitters, 70,000 resistors, capacitors 10.0000 and about 5 million hand-soldered connections. It weighs 27 tons and measure 2.4 mx 0.9 mx 30 m. ENIAC took an area of about 167 m² and the energy consumption of 160 kW.
But ENIAC was not actually a sophisticated computer era. Unlike artificial Konrad Zuse's Z3, and artificial MARK Howard Aiken, ENIAC cord should be reset to run the new program (Z3 and Marki run the program from the tape). Furthermore, unlike the Z3 and other modern computers, ENIAC perform calculations in decimal rather than binary.
He was preceded by the work of Konrad Zuse's Z3, which can be programmed with the tapes in full, but still mechanical and the Colossus computer that despite the British-made entirely electronically, but not for general purposes. The need to rearrange cables ENIAC was abolished in 1948.
ENIAC was developed and built by the U.S. Army Armament Research Laboratory for their table in order to calculate the gunfire. Thought and ideas about ENIAC was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly of the University of Pennsylvania. The computer was built on May 17, 1943 as Project PX and built at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering since mid-1944, and officially operated since February 1946 after swallowing a cost of $ 500,000. He then turned off on 9 November 1946 for a renewed and improved memory. ENIAC was shown to the public on February 14, 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania and moved to Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland in 1947. On July 29 the same year, ENIAC was turned on and will continue to operate until 23:45 pm on October 2, 1955.
A team of eight women programmed the ENIAC by manipulating thousands of cables and switch.
ENIAC get extensive coverage because of their large size. He has 17 468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal diodes, 1,500 transmitters, 70,000 resistors, capacitors 10.0000 and about 5 million hand-soldered connections. It weighs 27 tons and measure 2.4 mx 0.9 mx 30 m. ENIAC took an area of about 167 m² and the energy consumption of 160 kW.
But ENIAC was not actually a sophisticated computer era. Unlike artificial Konrad Zuse's Z3, and artificial MARK Howard Aiken, ENIAC cord should be reset to run the new program (Z3 and Marki run the program from the tape). Furthermore, unlike the Z3 and other modern computers, ENIAC perform calculations in decimal rather than binary.
sumber : Wikipedia
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